highly efficient and rapid synthesis of diverse hydantoin derivatives using nano-ordered zno catalyst under mechanochemical ball milling

a mild and efficient one-pot three-component and environmentally benign approach for the synthesis of a wide range of hydantoin annulated derivatives has been described. a multi-component reaction between a carbonyl compounds (ketone or aldehyde), potassium cyanide and ammonium carbonate (as cyanating agent and amine source, respectively leads to the formation of hydantoins. the proposed optimized reaction conditions ,i.e. solvent-free conditions under ambient temperature in the presence of low amount of znonano-catalyst, were very efficient resulting in the formation of the desired products with good to excellent yields. furthermore, the presented methodology is in accord with green chemistry principles.keywords: bucherer-bergs; hydantoin derivatives; multicomponent reactions (mcrs); green chemistry.